Effects of CO2 enrichment, elevated temperature, and nitrogen availability on the growth and gas exchange of different families of jack pine seedlings

نویسندگان

  • D. Cantin
  • C. Potvin
چکیده

Many economically important tree species respond positively to an elevated CO2 environment. However, the variability and stability in growth responses among genotypes grown in a global change environment are generally not documented. The present study investigated the differences, at the seedling stage, among 15 maternal families of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in response to an elevated CO2–temperature environment (CO2T) (700 μL CO2⋅L with temperatures 4°C higher than in the ambient CO2T environment), with different nitrogen concentrations. While the elevated CO2T did not significantly alter the overall height growth of seedlings, it significantly increased their total biomass, with needle and root biomass being most responsive. Growth in the elevated CO2T resulted in a 24% reduction in the leaf weight ratio as more biomass was allocated to roots. Significant genotypic differences were observed for height, biomass, and water-use efficiency. Generally, most families kept their rank relative to other families, from the ambient to the elevated CO2T. Also, rank correlations between height of families grown in elevated CO2T and height of families at 10 years of age in the field were significant. This result, combined with the stability we observed in family response from the ambient to the elevated CO2T, suggested that jack pine families currently chosen for their fast-growing capacity will probably remain as such in a global change environment, at least during the seedling establishment stage. Résumé : Plusieurs espèces d’arbre d’importance économique réagissent positivement à un environnement enrichi en CO2. Cependant, on a peut décrit comment réagissent différents génotypes d’une même espèce lorsque ces derniers sont soumis à un environnement modifié par l’effet de serre (changement climatique global avec concentration en CO2 doublée). Les auteurs ont étudié comment réagissent 15 familles maternelles de pin gris (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), au stade semis, à un enrichissement en CO2 (700 μL CO2·L ) combiné à des températures de 4°C plus élevées que les températures actuelles (environnement CO2T élevé) et ce, avec différentes concentrations d’azote dans le sol. L’environnement CO2T élevé n’a pas significativement affecté la hauteur totale des semis; toutefois, il a significativement augmenté leur biomasse totale, principalement en augmentant la masse du feuillage et des racines. L’environnement CO2T élevé a également réduit de 24% la proportion de la biomasse totale allouée au feuillage, une proportion plus importante de cette biomasse ayant été allouée aux racines. La hauteur, la biomasse totale et l’efficacité hydrique ont toutes montré des différences significatives entre familles. Pour la plupart des variables mesurées, la majorité des familles ont conservé, dans l’environnement CO2T élevé, le rang qu’elles avaient les unes par rapport aux autres dans l’environnement actuel. De plus, des corrélations de rang calculées entre la hauteur de chaque famille soumise à l’environnement CO2T élevé et leur hauteur respective après 10 ans de croissance en champ, étaient significatives. Ce résultat, combiné à la stabilité des familles quant à leur rang dans les environnements CO2T élevé et actuel, suggère que les familles de pin gris sélectionnées pour leur capacité à croître rapidement dans l’environnement actuel, conserveront cette capacité dans un environnement à la fois enrichi en CO2 et légèrement plus chaud, du moins au stade d’etablissement des semis.

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تاریخ انتشار 1998